Life and Work of Man Ray, Modernist Artist

The Ethics Of Dissent Managing Guerrilla Government

Georgia Southern University Book Review : The Ethics of Dissent Managing Guerrilla Government Yamini Gollapudi 3/2/2015 In its Ethics of Dissent- Managing Guerrilla Government, Rosemary O’Leary provides a sobering description on bureaucratic sabotage in federal government through stories of dissenting public officials named as â€Å"guerrillas† or â€Å"administrative guerrillas†. Guerrillas are the one who engage in irregular warfare as a member of an independent unit and they are the one who are willing to see the change in the public organizations (pg. 4). Dissatisfaction from the actions of public institutions makes the guerrillas to work against the wishes of superiors or organizational norms either implicitly or explicitly and to make a push back against the management to do what they believe is the right thing which can be termed as â€Å"guerrilla government† (p. xi). According to O’Leary majority of the guerrilla governments occur because of the inevitable tension between bureaucracy and democracy that will never go away and they are undetectable because of uninvolving world of bureaucracy (pg. 3, 8). This tension in turn create ethical and management challenges including the harsh realities which all the public servants must learn to steer. To explain these tensions O’Leary uses three lenses: Bureaucratic politics, Organizations and Management and Ethics with the help of three in-depth case studies and 21 mini cases. These case studies involve theShow MoreRelatedWk 6 Assignment Ethics Social Justice Deutsch T 1 Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Week 6 Assignment Deutsch, Tina M Walden University The ethical issues that were identified in the case study of Guerrilla Government in EPA’s Seattle Regional Office were cumbersome. The first of many to create unethical situations was the administrator of EPA’s Seattle regional office in 1981, John Spencer. His staff remembers his tenure for all the unethical actions he took such as using tax payer’s money to buy a membership for the EPA in the Chamber of Commerce (O’LearyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof national power and prestige, as well as symbols of modernity itself. They go well beyond the usual focus on the two superpowers INTRODUCTION †¢ 7 to look at â€Å"nuclear politics,† which encompasses both state initiatives and popular dissent, in former but diminished national great powers such as France and Great Britain and in emerging and aspiring high-tech states of very different sorts in Israel, India, and China. Equally impressive in terms of the global range of questions theyRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesand graduate courses. These range from introduction to marketing/marketing principles to courses in marketing management and strategic marketing. It can also be used as a text in international marketing courses. Retailing, entrepreneurship, and ethics courses could use a number of these cases and their learning insights. It can certainly be used in training programs and even appeal to nonprofessionals who are looking for a good read about well-known firms and personalities. TEACHING AIDS

Evidence Based Practice Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evidence Based Practice. Answer: Evidence Based Practice (EBP) Evidence based practice is the type ofnursing practice in which the current evidence are used in making decisions about patient care (Hall Roussel, 2016). It is a type of problem solving approach for the clinical learning. It is a systematic search and a type of critical appraisal of the evidences to find the answer to a clinical problem. The EBP is a method which allows the medical practitioner to study journals, clinical guidelines and other resources based on the information, and then apply the findings to clinical practice. The evidence does not make the decision but it helps to support the process of patient care. It includes three important components which is needed to the practice, these are: Best research evidence Clinical expertise Patient values and preferences These three components enhance the clinical outcomes and the quality of life. EBP generally requires new skills of clinical learning, which includes literature searching and the application of the evidence for the evaluation of the problem. The EBP is usually needed to generate the questions for the therapy, the diagnosis, and the prognosis of the diseases. Key Steps in the EBP Process Framing the Clinical Question Finding the Evidence Assessing the Evidence Making the Clinical Decision Concepts in Evidence-Based Public Health Systemic Review: basic appraisal and assessment of research that endeavors to address an engaged inquiry utilizing the techniques proposed to lessen the probability of predisposition. The procedure of organizing a systemic review incorporates a search of the writing, also including unpublished examinations. Meta-Analysis: outline that joins a quantitative system for consolidating the results of various examinations into summary. Risk Assessment: It is a type of approach to deal with the threat to people and populations by natural contaminations. Decision Analysis: precise way to deal with basic leadership under vulnerability; includes recognition of every single accessible option and assessing the probabilities of potential results related with every option, esteeming every result, and, on that basis of the probabilities and qualities, a quantitative study is estimated. Economic Evaluation: relative analysis of the alternatives in terms of their expenses and results. Expert Panels and Consensus Conferences: examination of research contemplates and their importance to being healthy conditions, remedial and therapeutic strategies, arranging health policies, and group interventions. Ordinarily the boards of specialists are assembled by government offices or particular wellbeing associations. Practice Guidelines: methodically created to help expert and patients decisions about health care for particular clinical conditions; might be created by government offices, establishments, or by the gathering of master boards. Barriers of evidence based practice The structures and culture of the associations are the main barriers of evidence based practice. Components which are external to the individuals are of most important. Existing hierarchical structures is the proof of the existence of a generally respectful culture which stresses the routine in basic leadership are clearly mentioned in NHS. Given this reality, associations should receive various methodologies to encourage and advance the utilization of proof by and by basic leadership. Barriers to the utilization of research in clinical practice have been cited as often as possible. Studies have researched imaginable barriers to the selection of EBP by medical nurses. These examinations have distinguished regular obstructions over various nations. Truly, the essential boundaries to the utilization of research have been connected to the support given by the association in which medical attendants work, the medical attendants' examination esteems and aptitudes, the nature of research, and how the exploration is imparted or displayed. Facilitators of evidence based practice The key facilitating factors for EBP include support, encouragement, and recognition by the management and administration. Numerous facilitators of research utilization have been recognized in the articles. These facilitators incorporate administrative and associate help, accessibility of time to audit and execute examine discoveries, accessibility of significant research, partners' help, strong arrangements, and preparing openings. Barriers and facilitators to inquire about usage were classified into authoritative variables, singular components, communicational elements, and nature of research (Harvey Kitson, 2015). PICO The PICO is a technique to study evidence based practice and makes a framework to find the answer of a health care question. The PICO stands for P Patient, problem or population I Intervention C Comparison or control O Outcome PICO Does the platelet transfusion indications in pediatric cancer patients works or not? P: population (pediatric cancer patients) (aged less than 18) I: Intervention strategy: blood components transfusion (platelets, red blood cells, cryoprecipitate) irradiated products, leukocyte-depleted products, platelet aphaeresis. Comparison: Platelet transfusion is suitable or not Outcomes: indications for transfusions in the specified population. Introduction Transfusion therapy is the mostly used now-a-days for the treatment of pediatric cancer. In this paper the age group which was taken into consideration for addressing is under 18. Despite the knowledge of the principles of immunology which maintains the transplants of a tissue by minimizing the transfusion therapy risks. Additional evidence is needed to determine the most appropriate instance for using transfusion therapy in pediatric cancer patients. The first step was searching for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in Pub Med, CINAHL, MEDLINE, WHO - World Health Organization, Google scholar, National Cancer Institute Journal and many more. Keywords that were used for the search are: Infant OR Child, Adolescent OR childhood OR Pediatrics OR Minor AND Blood Component Transfusions OR Erythrocyte Transfusions OR Red Blood Cell Transfusion OR Platelet Transfusions OR Blood Component Transfusion OR Aphaeresis AND Tumors OR Neoplasm OR Tumor OR Cancer OR Neoplasm OR Neoplasm AND Random research design OR Evaluation Studies OR follow-up studies OR prospective studies OR cross-over studies OR control OR prospective OR volunteer AND evidence-based medicine Journal no. Title Authors Year of publication Scoring 1 Platelet transfusion: a Clinical Practice Guideline From the AABB Platelet transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABB. Annals of internal medicine, 162(3), 205-213. Kaufman et al. 2015 Recommended 2 Red blood cell transfusion practice in children: current status and areas for improvement? A study of the use of red blood cell transfusions in children and infants. Transfusion, 54(1), 119-127. New et al. 2014 Agreed 3 Characterization of transfusion-derived iron deposition in childhood cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, cebp-0292. Ruccione et al. 2014 Agreed 4 Platelet transfusion: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Transfusion, 55(5), 1167-1127. Kumar et al. 2015 Strongly agreed 5 Current status of platelet transfusion in pediatric patients. Transfusion medicine reviews, 30(4), 230-234 Sloan Parker 2016 Recommended 6 Transfusion therapy evidence-based recommendations for the pediatric cancer patient. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology, 44(2), 151-160. Pardo-Gonzlez, Linares Torres 2016 Agreed 7 Explaining the excess morbidity of emergency general surgery: packed red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusion practices are associated with major complications in non-massively transfused patients. The American Journal of Surgery, 211(4), 656-663. Havens et al. 2016 Agreed 8 Transfusion?related alloimmunization in children: epidemiology and effects of chemotherapy. Vox sanguinis, 111(3), 299-307. Solh et al. 2016 Recommended 9 Implementation of Evidence-Based Care in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Practice. In Patient Safety and Quality in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (pp. 253-275). Springer International Publishing. Werner Ramirez 2017 Strongly agreed 10 Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Admitted to ICU. Abstracts/Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 22(S19eS481), S19eS481. Fielding, Grigg, Booth 2016 Agreed A key rule in transfusion treatment expresses that the reason for anaemia might be recognized before RBC transfusion. Moreover, the choice to transfusion of RBC must depend on the symptoms instead of by the hemoglobin levels and remember that RBC transfusion is just suggested in the patients who are suffering from leukemia and unable to manage normal range of hemoglobin. There are two basic therapies for this disease. The prohibitive methodology that demonstrates transfusion is based on two principles: haemoglobin level below 8g/dL and proof of hemodynamic degeneration. The second approach is liberal and sets up more elevated amounts of hemoglobin ignoring the hemodynamic effect. The result of this survey suggests the prohibitive methodology, to diminish the extent of transfused patients and the measure of RBC transfused, with no effect on morbidity or term of staying at hospital. The conclusion is thus stated that the advantages of reducing transfusions are more than the threat of RBC transfusion. Platelet transfusion support is resolved on the principle of two methodologies: a prophylactic technique described by recording platelet count to keep the threat of haemorrhage; and the therapeutic methodology that suggests platelet transfusion when bleeding causes. In the case of platelet transfusions, allo-immunization might be avoided, A with respect to ABO platelets. Un-identical ABO platelet organization is a satisfactory transfusion when platelet count deficiencies are an issue, or when the patient requires HLA platelets that are not ABO coordinated. In RH D negative patients, concentration is to be negative, especially in ladies. The platelet prescribed volume is 10-20 ml/kg for kids under 15 kg and one unit for aphaeresis for patients more than 15 kg, 11 at an implantation rate of 20-30 cc/kg/h. Literature Study Kaufman et al., 2015, told that Platelet prophylaxis, as compared with a therapeutic platelet transfusion strategy, reduces but does not eliminate the risk for bleeding in hospitalized patients with therapy-induced hypo-proliferative thrombocytopenia. However, low-dose platelets must be transfused more often because they provide a lower platelet increment. New et al., 2014, studied and reported that pediatric RBC transfusion practice has demonstrated significant variation in pre-transfusion Hb, frequent prescribing in units rather than milliliters, and a high proportion of single transfusions during admissions. Future education and research should target transfusion triggers and prescription volumes for children in all clinical areas. Ruccione et al., 2014, examine 75 patients up to age 14, who are receiving PRBC transfusions and conclude that excessive iron content may occur in children and also in the adolescent during the treatment of PRBC transfusion. Kumar et al., 2015, had done 17 RCTs and 55 observational studies, and concluded that prophylactic transfusion results in bleeding as compared to therapeutic transfusion is not so different. Results observed do not show a much difference in bleeding in patients. Sloan Parker, 2016, stated that Prophylactic platelet transfusions for children undergoing cancer treatment are not well characterized and require further investigation. The effect of routine platelet transfusion in pediatric cardiac surgery on postoperative outcome is unknown. The determination of platelet count threshold before various invasive procedures and clinical settings should be studied. Pardo-Gonzlez, Linares Torres, 2016, studied 56 journals concluded that Red blood cells transfusion is done by restrictive strategy in which prophylactic platelet transfusion is done. Cryoprecipitate is recommended when fibrinogen levels fall below 100 mg / dL, and indications on irradiated blood products were established. It resulted that transfusion of cryoprecipitate is very limited. Havens et al., 2015, queried at 2 tertiary academic hospitals about the EGS, and got the results that despite of similar blood loss; EGS patients received higher rates of intra-operative blood product transfusion, which was independently associated with major complication. Solh et al., 2016, done a retrospective cohort study at two different hospitals and evaluated two groups: study group, patients with oncology receiving chemotherapy and control group, patients without cancer. They found that alloimmunization frequency was low and it is not possible to determine an association between chemotherapy and alloimmunization due to the low event rate. Werner Ramirez, 2017, discuss five topics, handoff communication, identification and early treatment of sepsis and three approaches to disease prevention or mitigation-influenza vaccination, time to antibiotics in immune compromised patients, and iron chelation therapy for patients receiving erythrocyte transfusion. Each of these is relevant to pediatric hematology/oncology patients and providers and demonstrates how quality improvement methods lead to a higher delivery rate for evidence-based care. Fielding, Grigg, Booth, 2016, although a number of stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients need intensive care to treat life threatening complications, many of them are hard to be improved. It might be caused by complicated conditions consist of multiple organ failure or immunodeficiency. Conclusion Thus it can be conclude that the platelet transfusion is very risky in pediatric cancer patients, as it leads to heavy bleeding which cause anaemia. References Hall, H. R., Roussel, L. A. (2016). Evidence-based practice.nursing Jones Bartlett Publishers. Harvey, G., Kitson, A. (2015).Implementing evidence-based practice in healthcare: a facilitation guide. Routledge. Kaufman, R. M., Djulbegovic, B., Gernsheimer, T., Kleinman, S., Tinmouth, A. T., Capocelli, K. E., ... Mintz, P. D. (2015). Platelet transfusion: a Clinical Practice Guideline From the AABB Platelet transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABB. Annals of internal medicine, 162(3), 205-213. New, H. V., Grant?Casey, J., Lowe, D., Kelleher, A., Hennem, S., Stanworth, S. J. (2014). Red blood cell transfusion practice in children: current status and areas for improvement? A study of the use of red blood cell transfusions in children and infants. Transfusion, 54(1), 119-127. Ruccione, K. S., Wood, J. C., Sposto, R., Malvar, J., Chen, C., Freyer, D. R. (2014). Characterization of transfusion-derived iron deposition in childhood cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, cebp-0292. Kumar, A., Mhaskar, R., Grossman, B. J., Kaufman, R. M., Tobian, A. A., Kleinman, S., ... Djulbegovic, B. (2015). Platelet transfusion: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Transfusion, 55(5), 1116-1127. Sloan, S. R., Parker, R. I. (2016). Current status of platelet transfusion in pediatric patients. Transfusion medicine reviews, 30(4), 230-234. Pardo-Gonzlez, C. A., Linares, A., Torres, M. (2016). Transfusion therapy evidence-based recommendations for the pediatric cancer patient. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology, 44(2), 151-160. Havens, J. M., Do, W. S., Kaafarani, H., Mesar, T., Reznor, G., Cooper, Z., ... Haider, A. H. (2016). Explaining the excess morbidity of emergency general surgery: packed red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusion practices are associated with major complications in nonmassively transfused patients. The American Journal of Surgery, 211(4), 656-663. Solh, Z., Athale, U., Arnold, D. M., Cook, R. J., Foley, R., Heddle, N. M. (2016). Transfusion?related alloimmunization in children: epidemiology and effects of chemotherapy. Vox sanguinis, 111(3), 299-307. Werner, E. J., Ramirez, D. E. (2017). Implementation of Evidence-Based Care in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Practice. In Patient Safety and Quality in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (pp. 253-275). Springer International Publishing. Fielding, K., Grigg, A., Booth, D. (2016). Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Admitted to ICU. Abstracts/Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 22(S19eS481), S19eS481. Evidence Based Practice Samples for Students – MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Evidence Based Practice. Answer: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a crucial element of optimal quality care in all areas ofnursing and is fundamental to influence positive changes across the diverse health care systems. EBP is known to be a continual interactive process that involves the conscientious and judicious and explicit utilisation of the best available evidence for providing care to patients coming in multifaceted health issues. Since it is the responsibility of the nurses to optimise patient outcomes and improve clinical practice, along with ensuring transparency and accountability in decision making, EBP is to be adhered to at all levels (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). The position taken in relation to EBP for registered nurses is that EBP is needed for improving patient outcomes in clinical settings. Registered nurses are to provide best quality patient care through acquiring competencies for evidence-basednursing practice as a part of their professional development. In this context, it is to be highlighted that healthcare organisations must come forward and provide support and training to RNs for enabling them to carry out EBP. Without the sufficient training and support, it would not be feasible to place nurses in a position to demonstrate capabilities for EBP. As opined by DiCenso et al., (2014)nursing is a profession that is an amalgamation of both science and arts, relying on knowledge from the physical, social, behavioural and biological sciences for making decisions. Nursing knowledge is to be gained though a number of ways that include formal education, research and clinical practice. For gaining competence in science and art of nursing, one must engage in life-long learning. Evidence-based practice refers to the integration of best available evidence for literature into own practice for the purpose of enhancement of clinical expertise and respect for patient values. It considers external and internal influences on practice, thereby encouraging a critical thinking process while caring for a patient population or a system. EBP is the approach taken by nurses for making decisions that are appropriate and based on clinical expertise in combination with relevant and recent research on the concerned nursing topic. This form of practice has been linked with providing care based on principles understood from critically analysing high quality research and their significant findings (Stevens, 2013). EBP is guided by the NMBA registered nurse standards for practice that entails nurses to engage in continual research for improving their practice. According to Standard 1, nurses are required to think critically and analyse their practice. An RN is required to use a diverse range of thinking strategies and the evidence at disposition for making important decisions and providing safe practice within suitable person-centred frameworks. The Standard 5 entails nurses to appraise relevant and comprehensive information and document them for future purposes. Based on this documentation agreed plans could be developed in partnership with patients. According to Standard 6, RNs are to delegate ethical goal-directed actions on the basis of evidence that ensure planned outcomes (nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2016). According to Melnyk et al., (2014) the transition EBP is characterised by three phases; practice, evidence and translation. The process is multifactoral and involves a series of key steps. The first and most crucial step is the identification of a trigger that is a clinical question arising from current practice. With knowledge focus, a current practice can be questioned for shared scientific knowledge, while with problem focus an improvement can be made in the existing facts. The following steps consider carrying out a research independently or in teams, critically analysing te research, drawing implications for practice from the research and forming teams to disseminate the findings. The evidence gathered from the research are to be imparted to all members of the professional team, so that collaboration in bringing about a change in practice is fostered. Patient outcomes are influenced largely by EBP with the underlying notion that the care process is guided by recent updates in practice principles. The areas where practice development can be made include acute syndromes for patients, readmission, multifactoral morbidities and mortality rate. The effectiveness of interventions is increased when recent updates are included in this process. The chances of committing errors are also reduced to a considerable extent (Hosking et al., 2016). Emparanza et al., (2015) highlight that though patient outcomes are being improved in the present era with the application of current research evidence, the process is a slow one, with not much achieved within a considerable time frame. The authors opined that failure to translate undertaken research into suitable practice still remains to be a refractory issue. A commitment towards implementing research evidence needs to be coupled with the reorganisation of a healthcare setting to enable a multidisciplinary culture. Healthcare organisations must provide adequate training to RNs so that they are able to work towards better and more eminent performance indicators. A provision of access to research papers and relevant literature is crucial. Any organisation that does not have such form of support would not be able to promote EBP. It is not to be expected that nurses would be at the vanguard of providing EBP without training and support. Patient outcomes can only be made better if more number of RNs are given training in EBP and are provided with easy access to adequate information for supporting this. Mackey and Bassendowski (2017) in this regard state that funding is necessary to support an increase in training and resources. In light of adequate funding, professionals from the field can be appointed for provided training to the nurses and guide them on how to carry out a proper research. Weekly sessions that are interactive are suitable in this regard. Regular feedback given to the nurses is essential for ensuring that the learning is appropriate. Coming to the end of this paper, it is to be highlighted that nurses must critique evidence-informed literature in nursing discipline practice and translate them into practice. Participation in research is fundamental for evaluating and promoting evidence-based nursing practice. It is the responsibility of the concerned healthcare organisations to encourage and train nurses so that they can achieve the aim of delivering suitable EBP. With the support received from their end, nurses can transform their practice for the betterment of the patient populations. References DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014).Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Emparanza, J. I., Cabello, J. B., Burls, A. J. (2015). Does evidence?based practice improve patient outcomes? An analysis of a natural experiment in a Spanish hospital.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice,21(6), 1059-1065. Hosking, J., Knox, K., Forman, J., Montgomery, L. A., Valde, J. G., Cullen, L. (2016). Evidence into practice: Leading new graduate nurses to evidence-based practice through a nurse residency program.Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing,31(3), 260-265. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mackey, A., Bassendowski, S. (2017). The History of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Education and Practice.Journal of Professional Nursing,33(1), 51-55. Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher?Ford, L., Long, L. E., Fineout?Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence?based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real?world clinical settings: proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,11(1), 5-15. Registered nurse standards for practice. (2012). nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Stevens, K. R. (2013). The impact of evidence-based practice in nursing and the next big ideas.Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,18(2), 4-4.

Taxation Laws The Modern Industries

Question: Describe about the Taxation Laws for The Modern Industries . Answer: Brief overview: The modern industries are dependent on each organisation for its external and internal market forces. This enables the manufacturer to produce goods and services in order to generate profit for economic development of a nation. Industries are in need of auxiliary and subsidiary firms to procure raw materials in order to produce their final product in the market. It is worth mentioning that the organisations work with the external and internal subsidiaries based on verbal and written contract by abiding with the rules and regulations of the company. Each organisations dealing in goods and services abide by the legal contract as on the event of any problems parties to the contract can negotiate with the terms and conditions in the court of law[1]. The current case study falls under the Taxation ruling TR 95/35 for treatment of compensatory receipts, as the parties to the contract Fast water Ltd and Neptune Ltd are the manufacturing companies. Fast water Ltd is the manufacturer of the speedboats whereas; Neptune is the supplier and manufacturer of engine and boat parts. Both companies entered into the contract for a term of ten years to supply the engine and boat parts. However, after few years of contract, Fast water Ltd cancelled the contract due to poor economic and market conditions. This lead Neptune Ltd to suffer monetary loss for non-performance of contract and subsequently filed a case against Fast water Ltd in the court of law[2]. A: Fast water Ltd formed a contract with the Neptune Ltd for supply of boat parts and engine with for a period of ten years. It was assumed with Neptune Ltd that it would account for 30% of sales to Fast water Ltd. However, with the change in the market environment and increased competitions Fast water decided lower the cost of manufacture of engine supplies thus, this lead to reduction in cost of production. The company incurred an expense of $1,500,000 so that it can invest in wide range of smooth and efficient running engines particularly one being Aqua blast. Inventing in such type of engines would be cost effective and also account for 40% of the sales. As stated under Section 5 of the Contract Law that any parties involved in any such agreement of supply of goods and service may enter the contract with the objective of performing trading activities within the geographical boundaries of country, which is enforceable in the court of laws [3]. If an amount of compensation is received by taxpayer is in accordance with the disposal of business contract than the amount received for would not be considered for any tax consequences. The companies in this case study entered into the contract with the contractual intentions to manifest their intentions in conformity with the legal relations to form an agreement under the expressed terms. Such terms are legally enforceable in the court of law forming a part of agreement under the contract law in order to abide by the rules of the contract law. If the amount of compensation received in regard to the permanent damages suffered, such amount represents recoupment of all parts of total acquisition cost of assets. Section 160 ZB (1) provides that compensation received from any wrong doing by an individual for his profession and business is exempted under the capital gains tax. Fast water Ltd when discovered that that they no longer need engines and boat parts from Neptune Ltd decided to prematurely end the contract leading to monetary loss for Neptune Ltd. Fast water premature end to Non-performance of Specific Contract is Breach of Statutory duties. In addition to this, Fast water did not notify Neptune Ltd regarding the termination of contract, which led Neptune Ltd to bring lawsuit against the company for non-performance of contract, which led to monetary loss. The court ruled Fast water guilty for non-performance of contract under the Law of Tort for its tortuous act leading to civil wrongdoing for causing someone to suffer monetary loss and harm. The court penalised Neptune for tortuous act and order to pay the compensatory loss of $800,000 to Neptune Ltd. The court ruled such claims for damages on non-performance of specific contract would be paid in two instalments[4]. Fast water Ltd on the other hand in the accounting year of 2016-17 also incurred expenses of 1,500,000 in the form of capital expenditure for the development of fuel-efficient engines to reduce the cost of manufacturing. However, the expenses incurred will not be included in the tax schedule of the company as because such an investment does not constitute any income or gains for the company. However, income derived because of sale of such components will constitute as an income under the sale of goods and service tax from the revenue derived. The company was anticipating that the new product would represent 40% of the sales and thus considerable amount invested by the company can be realised on sale of engines and parts of boat. Hence, it must be noted that 40% of the $1,500,000 will be considered for tax if the anticipation about sales comes true. However, the organisation prematurely ended the contract with Neptune Ltd leading to monetary loss. Section 766 of the Federal Laws state s the Price water was negligent in discharge of their duties which lead Fast water to file the lawsuit for their negligent act under article 101 and 102 of the Law of Tort. As it was held in case of Derry v Peek (1889) that the action of the parties to the contract were of tortuous intentions and it is enforceable in the court of law. Thus, Fast water had to pay the compensatory amount within the stipulated period. Fast water also incurred an expense of $75,000 in the form of legal fees to fight for the lawsuit brought against them. The total amount of expenses incurred by the Fast water Ltd amounted to 875,000 and this amount is liable to be taxed under ITAA 1997. To be more precise, Fast water Ltd has to face the legal consequences for Breach of Contract with Neptune Ltd as both the companies are governed under the contract law and such law is administered by the common law for consumer protection. The contract consists of the contractual agreement formed with the objective of performing commercial trade under the expressed terms of mutual agreement. The case study however highlights the fraudulent representations and misrepresentations for damages ar ising out of economic loss. The scope and content of the contract is mentioned in the legal agreement of the contract formed by both the parties where time and other specifications is clearly stated. The tort of deceit for inducement under the contract is similar to the Misrepresentation Act 1967[5]. Any non-performance of obligations will attract legal proceedings and any such actions are purported to be settled either through court or outside the court. The performance involved in this contract need to be sufficiently monitored from time after time and prior to the termination of contract in order to ensure that all the specifications are properly met. However, it should be noted that the contract law also provides remedies for breach of contract amid two parties and declares awards and settlements to protect the interest of the parties involved or affected. As stated under the Stiles v. White (1946) claim for damages can be claimed by employing majority rule for out of the pocket damages. Under the ITAA 1997 any compensation received or paid shall be liable to be exempted and compensation paid by Fastwater Ltd will be treated as exemptions from net taxable income under ITAA 19 36 Tax consequences: Particulars Principle Value Capital expenditure 1500000 Compensation received 800000 Add: Legal fees cost 75000 700000 Net capital loss 625000 Note: The loss suffered will be not be carried forward and hence such loss cannot be set off from any ordinary income. The loss suffered is exempted under the ITAA 1997 since such losses arise from the personal injury. B: Under the case study Neptune Ltd who is the supplier of the engines and boat parts to Fastwater anticipated that the contract formed with the Fastwater Ltd would account for 30% of its engine sales. However, on the event of premature end of end to the contract the Neptune Ltd had to suffer loss for its Tortuous Act since it manufactured its product in accordance with the demand from Fastwater Ltd [6]. The extra amount of produce would remain idle resulting in damage because of premature end to contract constituting breach of contract. As stated under Misrepresentation Act 1967 the contract formed had a binding period of ten years and abruptly ending of contract would affect the profitability scenario of Neptune Ltd [7]. I. Taxes on personal injury awards: The nominal value of compensation to be paid to Neptune is computed over the original period of the contract. The compensatory amount received from Fast water to Neptune Ltd on the orders received from the court would be considered as an ordinary income for the company. Under the given study, Neptune sued Fast water for causing personal injury and the damages received in the form of compensatory claim because of business loss is not included in the income. The money received from Fast water Ltd will not be taxed. It should be noted that the money received as a compensatory claim is not taxable irrespective of the amount received whether in lump sum or in instalments. As stated under Rule 2 of the ITAA 1997 if the defendants wrongful acts does not create an impact on the incidence of tax which is subjected to remoteness, the altered incidence of taxation is important in the assessment of damages. The rule states that such incidents may provide a ground of reduction, as the lost income would have been taxed for the Neptune Ltd however damages received would not be taxed under the rule. For instance, when an award made for damages includes compensation because of loss, which could have been taxable however, the damages received is not taxable. Such damages should be calculated because of net loss of income after an allowance for tax has been made which could have been paid. As it was stated in the case of Cullen v Trappell under ITAA 1997 reflects the incidence of income tax which the plaintiff would have earned was pertinent on the event of assessment of damages on account of loss earning capacity and had the effect of plummeting those damages aris ing from loss [8]. As mentioned in this case study, even though the loss was compensated on the ground of loss of income for Neptune Ltd however, it was treated as loss earning capacity. Rule 3 of the ITAA 1997 states that in order to assess whether the conduct of Fast water Ltd had the effect on the plaintiff liability of tax, it is compulsory to work out what the tax plaintiff would have paid but for defendant conduct what amount of damages should be paid on account of non-performance of contract. As the complexity involved in the provision of tax is difficult to operate on the tax environment in which they operate. II. Taxation for damages: The current case study involves certain number of concessions and numerous advantages pertaining to the value of capital gains rather than treating it as an ordinary income. Under the current case study Neptune Ltd is small business with active assets, the capital gains arising out of any business losses is reduced by substantial discount at the time of working out net capital gains. Alternatively it should be noted that tax court have suggested that different rule may apply to during the settlement of acquired legal claim. As stated in the Nahey v. Commr 196 F.3d 866 the taxpayer in this case acquired all the assets of the corporation on account of breach of contract relating to the installation of the new computer machine [9]. Hence, the damages or compensation received from Fastwater Ltd may arguably constitute, as an income because it involves periodic payments and does not comprises of payment in lump sum. Compensation because of loss of earning capacity may constitute as an income if the payment is considered as periodic and it is subjected to be a supplement to the payees income. Where the receipt is lump sum consisting of non-liquidated damages it can be advantageous for the Neptune Ltd to determine the tax considerations while making a payment for the accounting year of 2016-17[10]. Thus, the compensatory amount received by Neptune Ltd does not constitute any tax liability as it is a compensatory gains suffered on account of non-performance of contract. Reference List: Barker, Kit,The Law Of Torts In Australia(Oxford University Press, 2012) Cartwright, John,Misrepresentation, Mistake And Non-Disclosure Clark, E. Eugene et al,Commercial And Economic Law In Australia(Wolters Kluwer Law Business, 2015) Filler, Mark and James A DiGabriele,A Quantitative Approach To Commercial Damages(Wiley, 2012) Hood, Parker and John Virgo,Principles Of Lender Liability(Oxford University Press, 2012) Koziol, Helmut and Fiona Salter Townshend,Basic Questions Of Tort Law From A Germanic Perspective Meurkens, Lotte and Emily Nordin,The Power Of Punitive Damages(Intersentia, 2012) Miller, Nelson,The Practice Of Tort Law Morgan, James F,Business Law(BVT Publishing, 2012) Poole, Jill,Textbook On Contract Law(Oxford University Press, 2012) Roach, Lee,Card James' Business Law For Business, Accounting Finance Students Russo, Charles J,The Yearbook Of Education Law 2012(Education Law Assn, 2012) Schwenzer, Ingeborg H, Pascal Hachem and Christopher Kee,Global Sales And Contract Law(Oxford University Press, 2012) Shapo, Marshall S,An Injury Law Constitution Stewart, Pamela and Anita Stuhmcke,Australian Principles Of Tort Law(The Federation Press, 2012) Weissbrodt, David S, Mary Patricia Byrn and Donald Marshall,The Common Law Process Of Torts(LexisNexis, 2012)

Concept of the Charter Schools in Education

Free Essays on War And The Human Psyche

War and the Human Psyche The experience of war places stresses on the human spirit that cannot even be imagined. In the short story, â€Å"The Red Convertible,† Louise Erdrich illustrates the harsh effects of war on one’s character. War can turn even the most free-spirited person into a monster of some sort, where almost nothing will bring the person back to who they once were. In the short story, Henry and Lyman are the main characters in the story. Henry and Lyman were two free-spirited people, in the beginning. â€Å"Then, before we had thought it over at all, the car belonged to us and our pockets were empty. We had just enough money for gas back home.† The two made a major purchase on an impulse. â€Å"We went places in that car, me and Henry. We took off driving all one whole summer.† Only uninhibited people would just up and take off driving for no reason. â€Å"Some people hang on to details when they travel, but we didn’t let them bother us and just lived our everyday lives from here to there.† It was almost as if the two brothers went wherever the wind blew them to. â€Å"We were somewhere in Montana, or maybe on the Blood Reserve – it could have been anywhere. Anyway it was where we met the girl.† These two brothers picked up a perfect stranger! She asked them for a ride to Alaska and they happily obliged. When they got up there, they made themselves at home and g ot to know the girl more. â€Å"You couldn’t tell how much hair she had when it was rolled up so neatly. Then my brother Henry did something funny. He went up to the chair and said, ‘Jump on my shoulders.’ So she did that, and her hair reached down past his waist, and he started twirling, this way and that, so her hair was flung out from side to side.† Both Henry and Lyman were happy people; happy that is, until Henry was sent for to go into the army. When Henry returned from the army, he was definitely a changed person. â€Å"But he ... Free Essays on War And The Human Psyche Free Essays on War And The Human Psyche War and the Human Psyche The experience of war places stresses on the human spirit that cannot even be imagined. In the short story, â€Å"The Red Convertible,† Louise Erdrich illustrates the harsh effects of war on one’s character. War can turn even the most free-spirited person into a monster of some sort, where almost nothing will bring the person back to who they once were. In the short story, Henry and Lyman are the main characters in the story. Henry and Lyman were two free-spirited people, in the beginning. â€Å"Then, before we had thought it over at all, the car belonged to us and our pockets were empty. We had just enough money for gas back home.† The two made a major purchase on an impulse. â€Å"We went places in that car, me and Henry. We took off driving all one whole summer.† Only uninhibited people would just up and take off driving for no reason. â€Å"Some people hang on to details when they travel, but we didn’t let them bother us and just lived our everyday lives from here to there.† It was almost as if the two brothers went wherever the wind blew them to. â€Å"We were somewhere in Montana, or maybe on the Blood Reserve – it could have been anywhere. Anyway it was where we met the girl.† These two brothers picked up a perfect stranger! She asked them for a ride to Alaska and they happily obliged. When they got up there, they made themselves at home and g ot to know the girl more. â€Å"You couldn’t tell how much hair she had when it was rolled up so neatly. Then my brother Henry did something funny. He went up to the chair and said, ‘Jump on my shoulders.’ So she did that, and her hair reached down past his waist, and he started twirling, this way and that, so her hair was flung out from side to side.† Both Henry and Lyman were happy people; happy that is, until Henry was sent for to go into the army. When Henry returned from the army, he was definitely a changed person. â€Å"But he ...

Gender Relations in Corporate China and Islamic State Essay

Gender Relations in Corporate China and Islamic State - Essay Example Hence, women are convinced to abandon their children, families, and friends for the course of the IS. The Islamic State attracts women into its ranks by claiming that it has opened up democratic space and created a nationalistic and ethnically and racially diverse and orderly society at peace with itself. Through these campaigns and the lure of a society built on Islamic norms, the Islamic State has attracted women and elevated their perceived roles (Hammer, 130). These appeals have made the IS women feel that their historical disempowerment problems will be solved by the Islamic State. What is not apparent as at now is whether all these promises by the Islamic State are just utopia to allure women into its ranks. Gender Relations in Corporate China Since historical times, men have always been the head of the family and by extension, society in China. For instance, every family lineage in China would be linked only through male figures. Ironically, in the old days, Chinese women were only kept in records whenever they made some trouble. Confucianism teachings also greatly affected the role of Chinese women. Luckily, the role and relations with women have slightly changed in the current corporate China. Incorporate China, women continue to encounter changes and are increasingly climbing the social, political, and professional ladders to heights never seen in the traditional setting (Hu, 131). However, women are still not equally represented at the top of Chinese corporate world as Chinese men.

Supreme Court Rulings - Potter v. California Essay

Supreme Court Rulings - Potter v. California - Essay Example It is not only prudent for the government to protect the civil liberties of its citizens but it is a contractual obligation to do so as stipulated in the Constitutional Bill of Rights. Civil liberty is in itself a form of natural liberty, part of which is divested and placed in the hands of the government in order to produce more good and bring happiness in the entire community than if it were to remain in the hands of the individual (Cohen 15). Civil liberty as an offshoot of natural liberty for one to do as they please is not restricted by the government to the extent that it does not threaten public welfare. Civil liberty in guaranteeing one’s freedom to do what they want is limited to injury or harm of others by the action done. The concept of civil liberties is grounded on liberal theory. Liberal philosophers believed in a state of nature prior to a political society where individuals were entirely free to do anything, including killing each other. Creation of societies n ecessitated the need to keep people and their possessions secure thus restricting natural liberty as far as necessary for security of everyone. Any natural right that threatened public order was taken away. The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States protects rights to freedom of expression and freedom of religion from being interfered with by the government. The freedom of expression is constituted by the rights to freedom of press, speech, implied rights of belief and association, assembly, and right to petition the government in order to get a redress of grievances. Interpretation of the extent of protection given to these rights is reserved for the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has interpreted The First... The researcher states that the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States protects rights to freedom of expression and freedom of religion from being interfered with by the government. The freedom of expression is constituted by the rights to freedom of press, speech, implied rights of belief and association, assembly, and right to petition the government in order to get a redress of grievances. Interpretation of the extent of protection given to these rights is reserved for the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has interpreted The First Amendment to apply to the federal government. In this case, the researcher believes that Mr. Potter in pleading the First Amendment referred to the arrest as infringing on his freedom of expression. This freedom basically entails freedom of speech and it would be expedient for us to delve into its intricacies. First, the right to freedom of speech gives individuals the right to express themselves with no constraint or interference and in deed Mr. Potter exercised their freedom in this regard. Second, it is a requirement by the Supreme Court to give justification for interfering with this cases where it makes an attempt to regulate content of speech. Third, is the right to assemble, which allows people to congregate for lawful and peaceful purposes. The right to belief and association is embedded within this right too, which are the First, the Fifth, and the Fourteenth. Fourth, an individual has the right to petition government in order to obtain redress of their grievances.

The Recent History and Dynamics of Culture Essay

The Recent History and Dynamics of Culture - Essay Example Spoken communication gave rise to stories, poetry and music in order to make remembering easier and communicating more entertaining. Written language changed the way we use our brains, and the printing press made knowledge available to all who could learn to read. This led to the rise of the middle classes, and to the development of the idea of a separation between the cultured and the masses. Public education was one result of technology and the rising middle class, as society needed to train its best and brightest in order to maintain productivity and growth. The Internet has now eliminated the need for physical books and made this knowledge available to literally anyone in the world with a connection. The common thread here is language, art and communication. Most parts of any culture fall under one of these categories. Law and government seem to be part of culture, but these are simply formal governance of the cultural values society. So culture is, essentially, everything involving more than one person in a society. This includes literature, music, art, value systems, behavioural norms, institutions, and the interpretation and dissemination of each of these. Food, a major part of culture, is both ritual and art. Music and visual arts are products, and also mirrors, of the culture. However, more than anything else, a society’s language and its texts represent it s culture.... (Most Canadians or Australians did not make the cut either.) British and Western Europeans were the sole providers of â€Å"literature†. Cultured people were â€Å"elite†, so anything readily accessible by the masses was not a part of culture. This meant that even though cultured texts, music and art were available to everyone, only the most cultured could truly understand them, if they even read them. It required a great deal of education to read Homer in the original language, or to appreciate Opera without subtitles, or ballet, or to read works of learned men and discuss the myriad values of each. Theoretically, culture includes modern discourses that bridge the various disciplines which include culture as part of their inquiries. Certain critical practices for cultural analysis are used to create that discourse concerning cultural activities, products, and institutions (Jere Paul Surber). It has expanded to this from the very narrow beginnings in Great Britain in th e 18 century. Certain British universities instituted cultural studies in the 1950s. With this kind of base, cultural studies aims for a practical critique of concrete and measurable factors that effect economic and political power. In its beginnings, culture was the pursuit of improvement of person among the aristocracy by virtue of education and practice. One of the first developments of any culture is the appearance of its critics. Critics always try to define what they criticise in order to be able to define its value. This sets them up to be the experts and that attracts people who need to feed their egos. In the late nineteenth century, people like Matthew Arnold saw culture more as a product than an aspect of society. It was something to aspire to as it represented knowledge of the best

Critical Review of Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval (PMSR)

Critical Review of Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval (PMSR) Introduction Post-mortem sperm retrieval (PMSR) is a procedure that has given rise numerous legal and ethical concerns, including: consent for procedure, ownership and assignment of sperm as a possession, divergence on the inheritance of the offspring and conflict over the introduction of sperm retrieval in organ donation (Pastuzak, et al., 2013). There is no agreement on the use of PMSR at different levels from institutional to an international level. A report published in 2003 discussed the benefits of implementing guidelines to introduce a framework and therefore simplify concerns with respect to PMSR, which included (Tash, et al., 2003): Consent issues Resource availability Medical contraindications A 1-year time period for careful evaluation of the recipient. Although PMSR is still fairly uncommon, the continuous increase in requests for In-vitro fertilization (IVF) with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), resulted in an increased rate of PMSR requests (Kerr, et al., 1997). Sperm retrieval techniques With the advent of ICSI and IVF, numerous sperm retrieval techniques have been developed in order to tackle sperm retrieval from various entry points. The most commonly used techniques involve either an epididymal or testicular procedure by open surgery or percutaneous entry (See Table 1): Table 1: Sperm retrieval techniques Key: MESA – Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration; PESA – Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration; COB Conventional open biopsy; TESA – Testicular sperm aspiration. Micro surgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) An incision in the scrotum is performed to uncover the epididymis. Using a microscope the tunica is incised and a ductule is mobilised. An incision of the ductile then follows exposing the fluid within which is aspirated. Microsutures are then applied, when sufficient fluid is aspirated, to the ductule. In the case that no fluid is observed another ductule is mobilised for aspiration. Microsurgery allows for a precise incision resulting in an aspiration free from any contaminating blood. With this technique a large number of motile sperms can be retrieved and preserved for future use. Also, it allows for preservation of the ductule in the case of further aspirations, if needed. Nevertheless, no evidence is present to affirm that using microsurgery will result in better retrieval in the future. In addition, the technique is very laborious and time-consuming, needing a microscope and an experienced microsurgeon (Siber, et al., 1994; Girardi Schlegel, 1996). Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) By using antiseptic the scrotum is thoroughly cleaned and consequently washed using saline to eliminate any excess antiseptic. In some cases, local anaesthetic is utilised (Gorgy, et al., 1998), then the epididymis head is put between the thumb and forefinger, where it is then punctured, from the scrotal skin, with a needle that is connected to a tuberculin syringe filled with 0.1ml of washing medium. The plunger is then retracted that slowly punctures the ductule. The syringe is then rotated and partially withdrawn staying within the epididymis. Then the suction is released slightly and the syringe withdrawn. Examination of the aspirated sperm is then performed after flushing the fluid into a dish. In the case that motile sperm are not found, the procedure is performed again at a different location. As the location is selected blindly, numerous tries are needed in order to secure good quality sperm. In this case, the procedure is quick, easy, does not need open surgery and easily repeatable. Nevertheless, since the punctured location is random, it cannot be controlled and occasionally ductules can be missed. In some cases, the epididymis can be very small and even covered with fat layers, making retrieval challenging. This can be overcome by using OFNA. Also, there is a higher chance of contacting a blood vessel and therefore contaminate the fluid with blood (Shrivastav, et al., 1994). Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) In this case anaesthetic is needed, afterwards a butterfly needle is poked around the testicular fluid while suction is applied from another syringe. The fluid is then examined for sperm quality. Studies also show that color Doppler ultrasonography can be used to guide the syringe and go around blood vessels (Balenky, et al., 2001). It is quite a simple technique that does not need any special training or equipment. However, there is a risk of puncturing the tunica blood vessels since it is done blindly. Puncturing multiple passages into the tissue may lead to damage and ultimately haemorrhage. Also, sample volume tends to be quite scanty (Craft Tsirigotis, 1995). Conventional open biopsy (COB) An incision is made in order to expose a testis, afterwards an incision is also made to the tunica and a small piece of testicular tissue is sampled. Sutures are then made to the tunica and the incision closed. It is a simple method that can be performed by a general surgeon and yields a significant amount of tissue. However, testicular vessels can be damages since it is an open surgery procedure, that would lead to the possibility of impaired testicular function as these are end-arteries (Schlegel Su, 1997; Manning, et al., 1998). Key ethical issues Ethical issues can be assessed through fairness, choice and wellbeing of the stakeholders, in order to arrive to a plausible conclusion. I managed to identify the following as the stakeholders; deceased husband, family members (wife/partner, parents etc.), unborn child, physician and society. Fairness With regards to fairness the debate is driven by two main issues; firstly, the right of the father to an heir even after death. In such cases, it is suggested that the father conveys consent for artificial insemination prior to his death (Strong, et al., 2000; Orr Siegler, 2002). This would make the decision more ethically justifiable. In cases where this is not available, inferred consent could also be accepted. However, although very little data is present with regards to the postmortem wishes of men, it is assumed that a large faction of men would not want their spermatozoa used after their death (Pastuszak, et al., 2013). Nevertheless, strict regulation should always be implied, to eliminate abuse where possible (Strong, et al., 2000). Choice The issues of society with regards to PMSR centre about a fear of a continual acceptance of non-conventional practices especially in conservative societies which may lead society to become biased and aversely disapprove of such practices. However, this difference in viewpoint can be seen in all controversial debates, where society criticizes individuals of backing such practices for their own goals and desires. Therefore the introduction and implementation of legislation is important to provide a framework which may help society better understand the uses of PMSR. In the case that family members want to perform sperm retrieval from the deceased based on verbal consent from previous conversations, would the physician be obliged to carry out this task? Basing the answer on the physician’s autonomy, the physician is not obliged to enter in a patient-doctor relationship, unless the patient has no other means for medically necessary care, which is not the case. This means that the physician will never be obliged to perform such duties even if sperm retrieval might be ethically justifiable in certain scenarios. This occurs especially if the physician conscientiously opposes sperm retrieval making him free to decline performing such tasks (Strong, et al., 2000). Also, another question arises, in that would the physician be morally obliged to decline performing practices which may cause harm to a future generation? The Human Embryology and Fertilisation Authority (HEFA) obliges physicians providing assisted reproductive technologies to assess t he wellbeing of the unborn child before proceeding (Parliament of the United Kingdom., 2008). Deciding to perform such a procedure utilizing the sperm of the woman’s partner can be a complex situation to tackle especially without consent. Wellbeing The main concerns when PMSR is sought are with regards to the deceased and the unborn child. Postmortem sperm retrieval affects the welfare of the deceased as it alters the values and beliefs of the deceased (Bahadur, 2002; Orr Siegler, 2002). Also, the child would be considered the heir of the deceased, which has several permanent social implications, especially on the deceased’s family, including, possession distribution and also the child’s upbringing. This could in turn be in complete disagreement with the deceased values (Bahadur, 2002). Family members could also find interest in maintaining the family’s lineage, which could also be in direct conflict with the deceased’s wishes. With regards to the unborn child there are issues too as children born through PMSR will have no father, which may result in difficulties during their upbringing (Strong, et al., 2000). Nevertheless, the claim that post mortem insemination can lead to such dejected views is very complex as it tries to compare existence with something that does not exist. Nevertheless, it is still a very difficult task to raise a child without a father, which may lead to additional costs for the mother and the family which in turn may also be stigmatized (Weber, et al., 2009). Policy and regulatory frameworks for PMSR PMSR has now started to gain international recognition, with different countries starting to implement legislation in order to manage its practice and safeguard its use. Several countries have opted to completely abolish its use. In fact Sweden, Germany, Canada and some parts of Australia have legislation that prohibits the use of PMSR (Bahadur, 1996; Webb, 1996). In addition, regions in West Australia have legislation that prohibits post-mortem use of gametes (Webb, 1996). Israel allows the transfer of pre-embryos to the wife within a year from the death of the husband, even if there is no consent. However, upon death of the wife, the embryos would not be used (Benshushan Schenker, 1998). In the U.K., the Human Fertilisation and Embryology ACT of 1990 does not forbid post-mortem sperm retrieval and storage however it does need prior written consent from the male (Parliament of the United Kingdom., 2008). In France on the other hand after a particular case the Centre d’Etude et de Conservation du Sperme Humain (CECOS) has embraced a practice of not allowing postmortem retrieval, a policy which was backed by the French courts (Aziza-Shuster, 1994). Thereafter, in 1994, France passed an act that prohibits post-mortem sperm retrieval (Lansac, 1996). On the other hand other countries like Belgium and the USA permit PMSR, even in the absence of the males consent (Brahams, 1997; Brahams, 1996). Conclusions The advent of new practices to aid infertility cases, will challenge us with ever increasing ethical issues which most probably will only increase in number. This is why informed consent is a major issue that needs evaluation as it forms an essential part of many programmes. However, for consent to be impartial, all the information with regards to such practices must be given together with counselling to enable proper consent to be given. This means that ideally both male and female should give their consent in advance. Cases involving married couples that have prior consent even with first degree relatives, PMSR should be allowed, although it has to be in agreement with a special committee responsible of dealing with such cases. Cases that might deal with consanguinity or incest for example a mother to be inseminated with her son’s spermatozoa should be prohibited both for ethical and genetic reasons. Also, cases where children are already present, and are heirs, should be al so consulted and consent be obtained. Nevertheless, this review is being written in order to address a number of issues important issues that come with PMSR. Since, such practice is still in its infancy and little data is present, it is difficult to reach any definite answers or conclusions, especially since there is little legislation to produce a framework of guidelines and practices. However, this review might help in furthering the discussion especially since ethical opinions will vary depending on cultural and religious values. Also, the issue is not merely medical and relies also on moral ethical and religious values. A debate will allow for common guidelines to be achieved and with time implemented for future practice and improvement on the subject.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - The Dynamic Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Dynamic Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a book filled with dynamic characters, written by a dynamic person. Throughout the book, the themes and situations are on many symbolic levels. The Great Gatsby is such a novel, that the hero is portrayed to the reader by a man who, with seemingly no effort, will not judge a man easily. He perceives him, takes him in, and analyzes him. This man’s name is not, in fact, Gatsby, but Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story. The man who is being perceived, of course, is Jay Gatsby, our hero. Our story, The Great Gatsby, starts out when Nick, a stock trader, moves to West Egg. West Egg is a part of Long Island where the "new" rich people live. "New" rich is a term used to describe people who have recently acquired their wealth, and have no connections in East Egg, where the people who have established their wealth live. Gatsby befriends Nick for a good reason, to meet his long lost love, Daisy, Nick’s cousin and resident of East Egg. Unfortunately for Gatsby, Daisy is married to Tom, a boisterous man who has taken in a mistress and everyone in the novel knows about it. Throughout the novel, Nick acts as Gatsby’s confidant. A confidant is a person present when a hero needs someone to listen to his plight. We get to know Gatsby, even though he is bad because of the illegal liquor bootlegging operation he runs. We get to know Gatsby because we like the confidant. If Nick, the confidant, is Gatsby’s friend, then Gatsby will be our friend as well. This is true of all relationships that deal with Nick. For the most part, we will feel the same way towards a character as Nick does. The novel ends in explosion and uproar. Nick, knowing Gatsby’s passion for Daisy, gets the two together for tea. They rekindle their lost love for each other, and, for a long time, they concealed their love for each other from Tom, Daisy’s husband.

Distribution Process of a Retailer Essay

A retailer may have an attractive store, well trained staff and even a distinctive brand reputation in the market. However, these factors don’t count for anything if products are not on the shelf when the customer is shopping. For that reason, ensuring products are available for the customer at all times is a very important process for retailers. The distribution process increases the need to improve quality service, ensures a shorter order cycle time and takes into consideration any environmental factors. The main function of the supply chain is to provide products and services required by end consumers. The supply chain extends from raw materials in some way through May process to reach to the final consumer; each link in the chain processes the material in some way or supports this by processing. It can also include the disposals of any associated waste. An efficient and responsive supply chain will be will be able to improve stock availability, improve choices, offer up to date products and reduce stock levels and mark down. But in the overall terms, costs will depreciate whilst sales and profits increase. UK and other countries within Europe have well developed road and rail infrastructures offering highly efficient and costs effective methods of transport, so road and rail are two of the most popular modes of transport used to move goods these transport could be by van or Lorries. One of the road working infrastructure as an example could be the By rail. The freight rail network is highly developed in the UK. It is very important that companies should think about the entire journey that the products and service take to ensure it efficient enough for the goods to arrive in time correctly. Transportation of goods, once in mainland Europe, could take some time and involve transhipment to a variety of different rail operators. It is better to ship large quantities of goods in one single shipment in order to be cost effective. Another different type of distributing and moving goods in the UK and mainland Europe is By road. It is the most popular method of transporting goods. By road is a good transport method because there are easier links and quicker access to find your current location on where the goods are supposed to be delivered and where you are trying to go. Thought must be given into the type of goods being transported. e. g. road transportation may not be quite suitable for consumable goods. By observation and assessment of the road UK and mainland Europe should determine whether the infrastructure is of high enough standard to verify that the products arrive on time and in excellent condition on time without any delays. By air transport is a quick option and allows retailers to hold smaller stock levels. The costs however for the majority of products are likely to be a sky high price and this means transport might be the best for emergency stock or in covering deadlines. There are various problems which may occur during the deliverance of goods to the location you are trying to reach for example delays at airports. Another way of transportation could be by water, By Water means goods being packaged in a ship and then sent to the UK and mainland Europe within 2 to 5 working days. When consumers purchase products online the goods are sometimes delivered by direct marketing e. g. transports by van, Lorries and etc. This way of transport is good if people wait for the product. A different way of transporting goods within UK and mainland Europe is by container. There is a good level of security which results in low insurance costs. Containers however are usually much expensive when producing and returning empty containers increases and raises the expenses. Special equipment is needed in order to handle the containers and this is a limitation to the number of transfer points. There are benefits for sourcing in The UK. These benefits include shorter lead times, shorter transit times, ability to monitor the total production processes more easily and lastly lower costs in terms of management time and communications. A retail store may think about accepting higher prices in exchange for the lower risk and costs associated with sourcing from the UK or a geographically close country. Costs will be greater when sourcing form distant or less developed country. However, some companies adopt a policy of sourcing form several different countries. These types of shops have a large and also successful private limited company. It is crucial that retailers have suppliers to deliver their products and services for the business. Retailers depending on the products they sell may need one, two or even several suppliers. Suppliers are often divided into four main categories these are retailers a majority of them purchase through company salespeople or independent representatives and also handle products from a variety of different companies who are manufacturers. Prices for these sources can be quite low although this will depend on a retailer’s location as an added cost of shipping freight might be incurred. Another category is Independent craftspeople they are likely to offer exclusive distribution of unique products and are usually offered by independent crafts people, sales representatives or through trade shows. A third category of suppliers are called the import sources, domestic importers operate in a similar way to a domestic wholesaler. A few retailers if familiar with the country will travel abroad to purchase products. Distributors, also known as wholesalers, brokers or jobbers, normally represent an international producer in one of their important overseas markets. The distributor purchases in quantity from a variety of different manufacturers and warehouses the products for sale to retailers. Commonly distributors will be distributed in the market which they have distribution rights, have the financial strength to carry sufficient stock levels, be ready to purchase in large amounts to minimise the expense of international transport, either be entirely or partly involved in promotion and any after sales service requirements of the product, be responsible for the business transactions in their market for the exporter’s products, accept the risks that are associated with trading in a particular market. The logistics process refers to the management of resources within the supply chain to ensure the right product is available, in the right quantity at the right time. There is a possibility of many costs involved in the transportation of goods and selecting the most reliable and accessible is important. Consideration must also be given to transit times, capability, security and to one of the most important elements cost. The supply chain is increasingly influenced by the use of ICT. Many of the developments are designed to raise the responsiveness of the supply chain to customer needs. Companies need to use ICT and information sharing techniques in order to focus on the reduction of responsive time, streamline logistic functions across the supply chain in order to reduce costs and improve efficiency, develop supply chain relationships, enhance customer services for a competitive advantage and also attain international standards and access to global markets. Distribution of eRail Products and Services – Fulfillment is the process of receiving, packaging and shipping orders for products. Any of eRetailer selling goods directly to customers through the e – commerce must deal with fulfillment. For eRetailer it is crucial to fulfill orders as efficiently and cost effectively as possible. There are two key methods used by eRetailer store picking and dedicating warehouse. Generally store picking involves using low levels of technology to assemble orders by picking up the good of the supermarket shelves. Retailers like supermarkets are for example Tesco’s, Sainsbury’s, Asdas, Somerfield these methods are used by Tesco’s direct and Sainsbury’s order online. The advantages and disadvantages of using the methods are there is a shorter delivery distances because stores cover a small, local catchment area, easy access to the target location by using transport modes (road) can reach your destination on time. And the disadvantages of using method includes for example this happen very often out of stock products, high picking costs meaning expensive products which some consumers are unable to pay or cannot afford that particular item and store customer disruption. These would be the advantages and disadvantages that may conclude of using this method.

Downfall of Russia essays

Downfall of Russia essays Tzar Nicholas II - downfall of Russia It was Tzar Nicholas 2 political naivete and extreme obstinance that led to the downfall of the Russia Certain aspects of Tsar Nicholas 2s behaviour definitely contributed to bringing about the fall of the Russian Empire, however most of these qualities were not weaknesses in character as such, they were qualities we would associate with poor leadership. When we say weakness in character we mean being easily influenced/controlled by others. Nicholas himself was a firm believer in autocracy; he was virtually unmovable in this belief. And this obstinant belief clearly illustrates he stuck to his beliefs, although in his early years as tsar his uncles had huge influence. That said, the fall of the Russian Empire was not all a result of Nicholas character and poor leadership qualities, we must also see that the huge socio-economic changes happening as well as the outbreak WW1 hugely influenced the coming about of and the timing of the revolution. These changes would be hard for any government to manage. Nicholas 2s firm and obstinant belief of his commitment to autocracy can be clearly seen in a letter of reply he sent to a liberal zemstvo head before his coronation. I shall maintain the principal of autocracy just as firmly and unflinchingly as it was preserved by my unforgettable dead father (Alexandra 3)(Nicholas belief in autocracy they would have been put to rest. Pobenonstev was once called The Highest Priest of Social Stagnation. He once declared, Among the falsest of political principles is the principle of sovereignty of the people. In his early manhood Nicholas lived th...

Hollywood Ten and Crucibal essays

Hollywood Ten and Crucibal essays In 1947 the House Un-American Activities Committee, or HUAC, started a trial and investigation of communism in the Hollywood motion picture industry. The Committee, including Chairman J. Parnell Thomas a young Congressman from California, and Richard M. Nixon tried many celebrities asking them question about what they knew about communism and who they knew that were involved. Here is a quote from the trial. SPOKESMAN: Do you recall the names of any of the actors in the Guild who participate in such activities? ROBERT TAYLOR, Actor: Well, the one chap I am thinking of currently is Mr. Howard DeSilvahe always has something to say at the wrong time. Karen Morley also usually appears at the guild meetings. This was very much the same as times in Salem because many people were being accused of being witches because young girls were giving out the names of people responsible for their pain. All the people that were named would be on trial for witchcraft, a crime that would be paid for by death. In Hollywood, people would be put in prison if they were convicted of communism. After the celebrities and studio bosses testified, seven writers two directors and one producer were called before the committee. They were questioned about membership in the Communist Party. They did not cooperate, but challenged the committee's right to judge their personal opinions. They became known as the "Hollywood Ten. The Ten tried to fight the anti Communist committee, but in 1950, their time ran out. All ten had to leave their families and spent one-year in the prison. This was very similar to Salem because, like John Proctor and others, when they would not give names of other witches, they would be hung. This is what happened here. The Ten did not give out any names so they were put in prison. In l951, they started a second set of hearings both in Washington and in Hollywood. Over 100 people were call...

BUS205 CA MOD 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS205 CA MOD 1 - Essay Example The offer should be accepted as given and there should be no change of conditions. Counter offer occurs where new terms are suggested, and it may be rejected or accepted. Acceptance of the offer is the one which will terminate the negotiations which are establishing the contracts terms and condition. For a contract to be valid, it should have valuable considerations. In this case, one of the parties makes a promise to perform something and in return of the promise the offeree should give a benefit of the value. So consideration is any value each party offers to the other as they agreed. Intention of legal consequences is also an element of a contract; it needs the parties to engage themselves in a law binding agreement. The parties making the agreement should create a legal relation and they should know that also the agreement may be enforced by the act of the law. Not all the people who are allowed to enter into the contract which is valid. The following list of contracts of people who have problematic consent and they are dealt separately; minors or young people, bankrupts, those people with a mental disability, corporation and prisoners. For a person to enter into a contract, the action or decision should be out of goodwill. Consent of all the parties in the contract should be genuine. An appropriate consent will be influenced by; duress, mistake, undue influence and false statement. A contract is breached when one party fails to stick to the agreement and makes the other party not to perform (Richard 219). In this of Chappelle breached the contract because he did not stick to the agreement he had with Mustafa. Their agreement was that Abueljia was to manage his business and be paid though the contract was not in written form. A business contract as this one of Chappelle and Abueljia creates certain obligations that they had to fulfill because they were in a contract. Chappelle by dismissing

Legal unit2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legal unit2 - Case Study Example or in the event that such unemployed individuals did not take steps to apply for available work without a justifiable reason or even failed to accept employment in which they were well suited for. However, distinction is made that any of the above reasons may lead to a denial of benefits and not necessary all of them. This argument has its basis on the usage of the term â€Å"if† in each of the terms. The terms do have exceptions that may have one be admissible for the unemployment benefits. Such exceptions lie mainly in the first clause of leaving employment voluntary. This is only possible in the event that such voluntary leaving of employment was prompted by their being pregnant or experiencing terminated pregnancy, or due to suffering domestic abuse. However, such abuse needs verification and validation via medical examination, backing of a legal document, or by a statement sworn by the claimant as true. The other exception to the statute stands in the event that the quitting of employment by an individual is motivated by the relocation of a spouse serving in the US military or the national guard of New Mexico. Other reasons may occur if the spouse orders to deploy from a unit, activation orders, or orders to change permanently from a

Prestnation and presentation write up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prestnation and presentation write up - Essay Example (Crooks 2010). â€Å"The oil leak started when there was a loss of control over the pressure in the well followed by the failure of the well’s blowout preventer, a specialized valve designed to maintain consistent conditions. After the initial explosions the blowout preventer’s emergency functions failed to seal the well, allowing the leak to occur†. (BP oil, 2011) The language of this statement stresses that the occurrence was an â€Å"accident† which implies that it is out of the control of the company, and something that happened by chance. The expression of regret is a recognition of the pain and suffering that has been suffered by those who died and others who know them. The words do not imply that BP caused these deaths, or that they accept responsibility for them. The words just regret that something has happened. Because of the location of the incident near the American coastline there was immediate press interest and a flood of images and commentaries on the incident itself and the on-going and severe pollution of the area around the rig. BP was forced to treat this as a major public relations disaster as well as an environmental one and health and safety one. It was the attention of the press over a long period of time that turned this from one incident into a long series of further damaging developments. Not only the leak was highlighted, but also the inability of the company to stop it, and the inadequate clean up and recovery attempts. â€Å"We have acted to take responsibility for the clean-up, to respond swiftly to compensate people affected by the impact of the accident, and to look after the health, safety and welfare of the large number of residents and people who helped respond to the spill. As of 31 December 2010, we had spent $17.7 billion for our response activities. Throughout, we have sought to work closely with government, local residents, our shareholders, employees, the wider industry and the media. â€Å" (BP oil 2011) The

Whole Foods Market 2007 Essay Example for Free

Whole Foods Market 2007 Essay Introduction John Mackey, current president and cofounder of founder of Whole Foods, opened â€Å"Safer Way† natural grocery store in 1978. The store had limited success as it was a small location allowing only for a limited selection, focusing entirely on vegetarian foods. John joined forces with Craig Weller and Mark Skiles, founders â€Å"Clarksville Natural Grocery† (founded in 1979), to create Whole Foods Market. This joint venture took place in Austin, Texas in 1980 resulting in a new company, a single natural food market with a staff of nineteen. Whole Foods Market was an early entrant into the organic food market and they have used their early mover advantage to solidify their position and continue their study growth. Synopsis of the Situation In 2005 Whole Foods Market acquired the Wild Oats Food chain. Wild Oats operates 100 full service stores in 24 states and Canada. With the changing economy and a more competitive industry landscape, John Mackey is uncertain about how to meet the company’s aggressive growth targets. Whole Foods Market’s objective is to reach $12 billion in revenue with 300+ stores in 2010 without sacrificing quality and their current reputation. Key Issues With increased demands from mainstream super markets also carrying organics, the demands for such products could outreach the limited supply. Changes in the Availability of Quality Natural and Organic Products could impact our Business. There is no assurance that quality natural and organic products will be available to meet our future needs. If conventional Whole Foods Market 20073 supermarkets increase their natural and organic product offerings or if new laws require the reformulation of certain products to meet tougher standards, the supply of products may be constrained. Any significant disruption in the supply of quality natural and organic products could have a material impact on our overall sales and cost of goods.

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Gay Teenagers and the Internet Essay

Gay Teenagers Need the Internet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Internet serves as a platform for gay teens to express their feelings and concerns about being gay. Beyond the pornography on the Net there are also valuable and useful resources that gay teens can take advantage of. But why are these teens t using to the Internet for support? Most of the teenagers questionned for this discussion indicated that parents are not supportive of a homosexual way of life.    Most people would agree that adolescent years are some of the toughest in a persons' life. Teens are getting to know themselves sexually and learning about the world around them. While participating in a gay teen chat room, it was obvious that many g ays teens felt isolated and confused about their sexuality and turned to the Internet for advice. Unfortunately, most of the information on the Net pertaining to the gay community consists of pornographic pictures and chat rooms with dialogue full of gra phic sexual detail. Just type the word "gay" in any search on the Net it hundreds of links to x-rated sites will appear. This, of course, is not suitable for a young gay teenager in need of support. Fortunately, amongst all the porn there are wonderful sites that provide support, answer questions, and provide links to other helpful resources.    Many organizations and support groups use the Internet as their main source for posting information about gay and lesbian issues. Organizations like PFLAG (Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesb ians and Gays) provide education and support for gay teens, as well as gay adults. Branches of PFLAG can be found all over the United States. Each of these branches can be accessed through the PFLAG Web site. The site is full helpful links ... ...y to turn to for support.    Works Cited Bell, A.P. and Weinberg, M.S. "Homosexualities: A Study of Human Diversity". New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978. Conroy, Theresa. "Gay Teen Fights to Educate Tormenters." Philadelphia Daily News. 2 Jan. 1996. http://www.critpath.org/rhea/bmurray.htm (23 Apr. 1998). Gibson, P. "Gay Male and Lesbian Youth Suicide, Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide", U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1989. Parents, Families, and Freinds of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). Home page. http://www.pflag.org/ (22 Apr. 1998). Remafedi G. "Male Homosexuality: The Adolescent's Perspective." Pediatrics, 79: 326-330, 1987. We Are Family (WAF). Home Page. http://www.waf.org/ (22 Apr. 1998). Youth Assistance Organization (YAO). Home page. http://www.youth.org/ (27 Nov. 1996).         

Green Capitalism Essay

Green Capitalism is a new approach for resolving the problem of environmental destruction while ensure the sustainable development of capitalism practices (Bess, 2000). The world is witnessing the effects of global warming. In addition, economic sustainability remains a major concern by the global community. Based on this, green capitalism concept dictates for use of green energy sources to support the economy (Bess, 2000). By ethics of care, individual humans must protect the environment for the good of the whole community. Critics have blamed capitalism for its exploitation of available resources without concern of the negative environmental implications of the same (Beaufoy, 1993). From an ethical point of view, green capitalism concept is quite limited in its practicability due to the fact that capitalism by its nature seeks to maximize profits regardless of associated consequences (Beaufoy, 1993). On the other side, green practices dictate for protection of the environment and its ecosystem. Thus, the theory of green capitalism remains a conflict between caring for the environment and maximization of capital (Beaufoy, 1993). True to the letter, the world is claimed to have enough renewable resources to sustain its population. Nevertheless, most of these resources like solar, wind, and tidal energies are unpredictable for supporting our current economic energy requirements. Still, the green capitalism concept advocates for reduced consumption of anti-green products in the community (Bess, 2000). This has an ethical implication of harming the global market capital, a claim that has been blamed for economic meltdown (Beaufoy, 1993). As a solution to these real concerns on green capitalism theory, there is need having in place other models of addressing the problem of environmental pollution. Just to note, the effects of capitalism are permanent trends that cannot be reversed if capitalism prevails. References Bess, M. (2000). Greening the Mainstream. Environmental History, 5, 12-18. Beaufoy, H. (1993). Case Study: The Green Office in Britain: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Design History, 6, 9-14.

Incomplete Creon Tragic Hero

Allen Yun Ms. Chen English 1 Honors 16 April 2013 Oedipus Rex and Antigone Essay Prompt What would happen if one were to witness a wealthy, powerful leader who could wish for nothing more in his life? Sounds like everything a man could dream of, right? What if this mighty leader had flaws that brought him to commit a grave mistake that led him to a road of misery? How would that same witness feel towards him now? In Sophocles’ Greek tragedy, Antigone, the antagonist, King Creon, undergoes this exact scenario.Another word for a character that experiences the following events is known as a tragic hero. Creon is the tragic hero of this play because of his flaw of hubris, his hamartia, and because of his rapid transition from being a great king to a miserable king that should be pitied. The single characteristic of hubris is one of the main reasons that make Creon a tragic hero. This is first expressed when Creon’s pride refuses to show mercy to Antigone even if they are re lated.He says, â€Å"This girl is guilty of double insolence, breaking the given laws and boasting of it. Who is the man here, she or I, if this crime goes unpunished? † (Sophocles 209). One would say Creon’s arrogant pride will stop at nothing in order to obtain the authority he desperately wants to rule by. Creon is most likely the type of person to always believe his actions are just and is higher than any other because of his pride. Hubris is also expressed when Creon attempts to contradict Teiresias, who was believed to be the smartest man of his time.Creon tells Teiresias, â€Å"Teiresias, it is a sorry thing when a wise man sells his wisdom, lets out his words for hire! † (232). This is evidence to prove that Creon’s pride has blinded himself because of his outrageous attempt to go contradict a man who has never been wrong. This event also hints Creon inviting catastrophe to occur when he keeps refusing to believe what Teiresias claimed. Ergo, hubr is was one of the main reasons that made Creon the tragic hero of the play. Creon issuing his edict, which is his hamartia, was the sole reason why this hole dilemma happened. It was because of his hamartia that made Creon the tragic hero as well. Creon’s hamartia is shown when Antigone tells Creon the right thing that he should have done. She states, â€Å"Nevertheless, there are honors due all the dead. † (211). The quarrel between the two main characters shows that Creon knew that his edict contradicts divine will and Theban traditions of below ground burials of all Thebans. Creon’s response to Antigone’s statement also shows that he persists in enforcing the edict, which puts him in a collision course with the gods.

Angstrom Definition (Physics and Chemistry)

Angstrom Definition (Physics and Chemistry) An angstrom or à ¥ngstrà ¶m  is a unit of length used to measure very small distances. One angstrom is equal to  10−10  m  (one ten-billionth of a  meter  or 0.1  nanometers). Although the unit is recognized world-wide, it is not an International System  (SI) or metric unit.The symbol for angstrom is Ã…, which is a letter in the Swedish alphabet.1 Ã… 10-10 meters. Uses of the Angstrom The diameter of an atom is on the order of 1 angstrom, so the unit is particularly handy when referring to the atomic and ionic radius or size of molecules and spacing between planes of atoms in crystals. The covalent radius of atoms of chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus are about one angstrom, while the size of a hydrogen atom is about half of an angstrom. The angstrom is used in solid state physics, chemistry, and crystallography. The units is used to cite wavelengths of light, chemical bond length, and the size of microscopic structures using the electron microscope. X-ray wavelengths may be given in angstroms, as these values typically range  1–10 Ã…. Angstrom History The unit is named for Swedish physicist Anders Jonas  Ãƒâ€¦ngstrà ¶m, who used it to produce a chart of the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in sunlight in 1868. His use of units made it possible to report the wavelengths of visible light (4000  to  7000  Ãƒâ€¦) without having to use decimals or fractions. The chart and unit became widely used in solar physics, atomic spectroscopy, and other sciences that deal with extremely small structures. Although the angstrom is  10−10  meters, it was precisely defined by its own standard because it is so small. The error in the meter standard was larger than the anstrom unit! The 1907 definition of the angstrom was the wavelength of the red line of cadmium set to be  6438.46963 international à ¥ngstrà ¶ms. In 1960, the standard for the meter was redefined in terms of spectroscopy, finally basing the two units on the same definition. Multiples of the Angstrom Other units based on the angstrom are the micron (104  Ãƒâ€¦) and the millimicron (10 Ã…). These units are used to measure thin film thicknesses and molecular diameters. Writing the Angstrom Symbol Although the symbol for the angstrom is easy to write on paper, some code is needed to produce it using digital media. In older papers, the abbreviation A.U. was sometimes used. Methods of writing the symbol include: Typing the symbol U212B or U00C5 in UnicodeUsing the symbol #8491 or #197 in HTMLUsing the code Aring; in HTML Sources International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006). The International System of Units (SI) (8th ed.).  p. 127. ISBN 92-822-2213-6.Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman, ISBN 9781405881180.